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Academic Discourse
Year : 2012, Volume : 1, Issue : 1
First page : ( 12) Last page : ( 16)
Print ISSN : 2278-3296.

India-USA Nuclear Deal and its Impact on South Asia

Kumar Pardeep

Associate Professor, Department of Law, Geeta Institute of Law Karhans (Samalkha) Haryana

Online published on 18 June, 2014.

Abstract

In the international politics everything is driven by interests and power persuasion. India's energy requirements are increasing day by day and India needs enriched uranium for the production of its energy requirements. After the end of cold war and dissolution of Soviet Union, U.S. foreign policy towards India changed. A new era of relationship between India and USA began after India's nuclear explosion. After the incident of 9/11 America showed close relationship with India in order to control terrorism in South Asia. America's global security interest took priority over India's interest to become more energy independent. The growing relationship resulted in “civil nuclear deal 2005”. This deal led to the end of restrictions by European countries on Indian nuclear program that has been subjected to many restrictions from last 33 years. ‘123 Agreement’ was signed in March 2006 when American President George W. Bush visited India in March 2006. However Atomic Energy Act 1954 also restricts US trade with countries which are not parties to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT). India is not a party to NPT. Hyde Act also modifies the provisions of Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act to permit US Nuclear cooperation with India and exempt it from signing the NPT. In the last quarter of 2008, the Indo-US Nuclear Deal was approved by US Congress. The US President Bush signed 123 legislation on Indo-US nuclear deal into the new law called ‘US-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Non-Proliferation Enhancement Act’. Three pacts on Science and Technology, Space Cooperation and End User Monitoring Agreement (EUMA) were also signed between India and the United States during Hilary Clinton's visit to India in 2009. EUMA authorizes Washington to monitor the use of US made military equipment sold to New Delhi which has drawn strong criticism, caused uproar in the Indian Parliament. The Indo-US nuclear deal, which initially appeared necessary for India, has now become a matter of debate for its relevance in terms of India's national interest and its actual utility for Indian public. India should follow an independent foreign policy and must make focused efforts to minimize its losses and resist any undue pressure from the United States which might threaten its sovereignty, dignity and the interests of people of India.

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Keywords

U.S, IAEA, NPT, EUMA, CNLB.

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