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Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development
Year : 2019, Volume : 10, Issue : 10
First page : ( 934) Last page : ( 939)
Print ISSN : 0976-0245. Online ISSN : 0976-5506.
Article DOI : 10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02941.3

The Prevalence of Amblyopia and Refractive Errors among School Children in Diwaniyacity, Iraq a Population Based Cross-Section Study

Layikh Haider Aswad1,*, Saeed Saif Abbas1, Kadhum Alyaa Abdulameer2

1Professor Assistant, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Al-Qadisiyah

2Lecturer, College of Nursing, University of Al-Qadisiyah

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Haider Aswadlayikh, Lecturer, College of Medicine, Department of surgery, University of Al-Qadisiyah, e-mail: haider.layikh@qu.edu.iq, haidaraswad@yahoo.com, Contact: 00964-7811991570

Online published on 23 December, 2019.

Abstract

Objective of the study

Is to determine the prevalence of amblyopia and associated refractive errors in a sample of school-age children in Al-Diwaniya Province, Iraq, who are between 6 to 10 years of age.

Design and settings

This is a population based cross section study in Al-Diwaniya Province, Iraq from October 2017 to January 2018. Moreover, 6, 742 school-age children are involved, after agreement with the local Ministry of Education Department, along with a team consisting of an ophthalmologist and two optometrists; they visit the school and conduct visual acuity examinations, using the E-test and refraction test, which are both auto-and-manual “with cycloplegia” for children suspected of decreased visual acuity. They do a slit lamp exam (with portable lamps), used to assess anterior segment, red reflex, and lens opacity with a fundus exam to exclude pathology of the eye.

Results

The prevalence rate of amblyopia is 2.2%. There is a significant association between errors of refraction and amblyopia (p < 0.001). The most common error of refraction is hypermetropia, followed by myopia and astigmatism.

Conclusion

Amblyopia is a major health problem in school-age children who need active screening programs, since early detection and treatment is vital; amblyopia is more prevalent in young age groups with a greater number of hypermetropic children.

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Keywords

Paediatric ophthalmology, squint, amblyopia.

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