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Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development
Year : 2019, Volume : 10, Issue : 9
First page : ( 112) Last page : ( 117)
Print ISSN : 0976-0245. Online ISSN : 0976-5506.
Article DOI : 10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02410.0

Association between Urinary Cotinine Levels and Buccal Mucosal Micronuclei Cells of Smokeless Tobacco Chewers Attending a Tertiary Care District Hospital

Nikam Kiran S1, Wingkar Kanchan C2,*, Joshi Rajesh K3, Kallur Rajashekar K4

1Ph. D Scholar, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Dept of Physiology, Karad, Maharashtra, India

2Professor and Head, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Dept of Physiology, Karad, Maharashtra, India

3Scientist and Head, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Dept of Phytochemistry, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

4Professor and Head, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Dept of Physiology, Bhuj, Gujarat, India

*Corresponding Author: Kanchan C Wingkar, Professor and Head, Krishna Institute of Medical sciences, Deemed University, Dept. of Physiology, Karad, Maharashtra, India

Online published on 13 November, 2019.

Abstract

Introduction

Oral squamous cell carcinoma encompasses at least 90% of all oral malignancies. It is sixth most common malignancy and the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection of a premalignant oral lesion would improve the survival to a greater extent. Tobacco lays an enormous effect of disease for health, economic, social and environment issues. Cross sectional study was done at tertiary care hospital to find association between urinary cotinine levels and buccal mucosal micronuclei cells of smokeless tobacco chewers.

Method

Study comprised of 300 Smokeless Tobacco chewers (STC) and 300 Non tobacco chewers (NTC). Physical examination and Anthropometric parameters were recorded. Fasting urine samples collected for extraction of cotinine. Buccal smears were prepared for exfoliated cells. Slides were stained by Papanicolaou stain and micronuclei (MN) cells was examined by using 100X, 400X magnification as per the Tolbert et al criteria.

Results

Mean Urinary Cotinine in STC was enhanced as compared to NTC. The MN cells were also increased in STC as compared to NTC and statistically highly significant (Mean SD of STC 21.30±10.55, 95% CI; 20.11 to 22.49, NTC Mean SD 3.74±3.43, 95% CI; 3.35 to 4.12). The MN cells of STC showed strong positive association and statistically highly significant correlation with urinary cotinine levels (r= 0.692, p=<0.0001).

Conclusions

The present study establishes link between rise in exfoliated buccal MN and determination of urinary cotinine levels which is a biomarker of genotoxicity and epithelial carcinogenic progression.

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Keywords

Smokeless tobacco chewers, Non tobacco chewers, Micronuclei, Cotinine.

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