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Year : 2018, Volume : 42, Issue : 4
First page : ( 239) Last page : ( 248)
Print ISSN : 0250-4758. Online ISSN : 0973-970X. Published online : 2018 December 1.
Article DOI : 10.5958/0973-970X.2018.00057.3

Factors affecting the clinical outcome of bluetongue virus infection in adult mice

Saminathan M.1,6, Singh K.P.6,*, Vineetha S.1,6, Maity Madhulina1,6, Biswas S.K.2,6, Reddy G.B. Manjunatha3,6, Milton A.A.P.4,6, Chauhan H.C.5,6, Chandel B.S.5,6, Ramakrishnan M.A.2,6, Gupta V.K.6

6Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh;

1Division of Pathology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh;

2Division of Virology, ICAR-IVRI, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital-263138, Uttarakhand;

3ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka;

4Division of Animal Health, ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Umiam, Barapani-793103, Meghalaya;

5Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Gujarat, India

*Corresponding author: e-mail: karam.singh@rediffmail.com

Received:  5  November,  2018; Accepted:  15  November,  2018.

Abstract

The clinical outcome of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection is determined by several factors, such as species, age, breed, immunological status, serotype/strain of BTV, and environmental factors. In the present study, influence of various virus and host factors-like route of infection [subcutaneous (S/C) and intravenous route (I/V)], quantity of virus (50, 75, and 100 pl volume of BTV-1), and type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β levels in I/V route of inoculation) in the clinical outcome of BTV infection were studied in adult Swiss albino mice (female, 6–8 weeks old) in three separate experiments. The dose of BTV-1 in all three experiments was 1x106 TCID50/ml. Development of clinical signs or disease or mortality was not observed up to 120 hpi in all three experiments inoculated either S/C or I/V routes. In S/C route, BTV nucleic acid was detected from the lymph node on 12 to 36 hpi, blood from 24 to 48 hpi, and in spleen from 36 to 60 hpi by RT-PCR using VP7 gene segment of BTV. In I/V route, BTV was detected from blood 6 to 36 hpi, lymph node on 24 to 48 hpi and in spleen from 36 to 60 hpi. The IFN-α level was started to increase at 12 hpi, reached peak levels at 36 and 48 hpi in serum and spleen, respectively and there after the levels were decreased rapidly in serum and spleen tissue homogenate as detected by c-ELISA and qRT-PCR. The IFN-β level was increased at 6 hpi, reached peak at 24 and 36 hpi in serum and spleen, respectively and the levels were decreased rapidly in I/V route of inoculation. No recognizable gross and histopathological lesions were noticed in various organs of subcutaneously or intravenously inoculated groups. Only few macrophages and lymphocytes showed positive immunolabelling of BTV-1 antigen in lymph nodes from 24 to 48 hpi and in spleen from 36 to 60 hpi in I/V route of inoculation.

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Keywords

Adult mice, Quantity of virus, BTV-1, Clinical outcome, Route of infection, Type-I IFNs.

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