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Sustainable development |
| [175] | Community participation in rural drinking water supply and sanitation: a case study of Karnataka | | Veerashekharappa. 2002 | Providing safe drinking water and sanitation to the rural community has been incorporated in five-year plans as part of the MNP (minimum needs programme). It is expected that community participation will bring down decision-making to the village level. The Karnataka Integrated Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme is being implemented in this direction. The present paper highlights success story along with constraints and recommendations. The study conducted examines the effectiveness of community participation in the process of implementation through locally developed institutions. As this study requires exhaustive information multiple methods were adopted in collecting the required information. The study brings out that community participation has contributed to increase in private investment and equity in distribution of water. Private investment in this sector is not a constraint but there are other constraints in sustaining the programme. The revenue sources for meeting the maintenance cost was considered to be coming from connection fee and tariff. However, due to less private household connections, the programme is running in loss. The author suggested that the amount has to be mobilized at the planning stage and part of it to be kept as corpus fund and amount derived from it to be supplemented to operation and maintenance cost. The author also pointed out that sustainability of these systems depends on better maintenance, timely replacement of systems and augmentation of existing systems. At the institutional level more time and inputs from committee and local government officials are necessary. Also the programme needs to be modified on the lines of BOT (build, own, and transfer) method and through cluster approach.
(2 figures, 13 tables) | | Journal of Indian Water Works Association34(1):13–21 | RBI Endowment Unit,
Institute for Social and Economic Change, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore-560 072, India
<shekhar47@yahoo.com> | | | [176] | Water resources development in the Yamuna river basin in India | | Narula KK, Wendland F, Rao DDB, and Bansal NK. | Using an area-wide approach the paper makes an attempt to address the emerging concerns regarding water resources sustainability through a case study for a large river basin in India. An assessment of water resources development in the Yamuna river basin, catchment area of 346 000 km2, has been conducted by evaluating present and future water availability. The assessment of present water availability is done by an area-wide analysis of surface and groundwater quantity and quality, backed by data from various Indian governmental water agencies. Based on this analysis, three relevant water sustainability indicators have been identified for the basin, and acute water stress areas have been delineated. Analysis shows that out of 80 districts in the basin, at present 20 districts face high water stress caused either due to depletion in water quantity or deterioration in water quality. A water development scenario is discussed, which examines the prospects for water sustainability in the year 2005 assuming business-as-usual attitude. The scenario concludes that by the year 2025 the number of water-stressed districts will rise approximately to 40. Finally, options for shifting to a sustainable water resources management path in the Yamuna basin are suggested.
(3 figures, 2 tables, 13 references) | | Journal of Environmental Studies and Policy4(1):21–33 | TERI (Tata Energy Research Institute),
Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003, India | | | [177] | Dewatering and water management in opencast mines | | Jain SK and Chatterjee A. 2001 | It has been observed that wherever opencast mining in carried out below the ground water level, problems are encountered due to release of underground water. This paper suggests some effective methods of groundwater management, so that the mining operations continue uninterrupted and no harmful effects occur at the regional level. The study of groundwater is done through remote sensing studies, topographical survey, hydrogeological studies, geoelectric survey and aquifer performance test. Based on the results obtained in these methods total resources are estimated and water extraction levels are recommended depending upon the rate of recharge. The authors also suggested that it has been widely observed that wherever opencast mining is carried out below the groundwater level, lot of problems are encountered due to release of underground water. This paper stresses on some effective methods of groundwater management, so that the mining operations continue uninterrupted and no harmful effects occur to groundwater regime at the regional level.
(2 figures, 2 tables) | | In National Seminar on Mining, Environment and Society, edited by YC Gupta. Udaipur: Mining Engineers' Association of India, pp 22 (Souvenir, Udaipur, 1374 October 2001, Organized by the Mining Engineers' Association of India, Udaipur, Veraval-Porbandarand Ahmedabad Chapters):31–36 | GWMICC Pvt Ltd,
Jal Khanij Bhawan, 5-Jha-2, Jawahar Naga, Jaipur - 302 004
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