Obesity has become one of the most serious social problems in worldwide (GBD 2015). The obesity is an abnormal and excessive deposition of fat, which may impair individual health. The primary underlying causes of this obesity epidemic have been identified as a sedentary lifestyle and excessive food consumption (Hu 2003; Mayer and Costacou 2001). In addition to hereditary factors and environmental factors, such as modifications in the gut microbiota, have been linked to the

emergence of metabolic diseases (Liu et al. 2021; Nehra et al. 2016; Aoun et al. 2020). The process of gaining weight and the metabolic problems linked to obesity involve multiple factors. Since both human and animal studies have improved our understanding of the complex interaction between the trillions of microorganisms that live in the gastrointestinal tract and the host, several researchers have recently become interested in the connection between the gut microbiota and obesity (Liu et al. 2021; Nehra et al. 2003). Although it has long been assumed that the gut microbiota has a role in obesity, the precise relationship is still unclear. We examined the human gut microbiota composition in an Indian population in order to determine its relationship to obesity.

Stool samples from 35 control male (body mass index [BMI] 17-24.9 kg/m2) and 52 obese males (BMI >25 kg/m2) were collected and processed for culture on MacConkey and Deoxycholate citrate agar (selective and differential media) to select and isolate dominant bacteria. Biochemical test (TSIA, SIM, Sugar test, Urease and Citrate test) was performed to identification of specific bacteria. Dominant isolates were confirmed by Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-Polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) (Sedighi et al. 2020).

The result obtained from the data shows that the bacteria found in the stool samples were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Citrobacter spp and their prevalence was 36%, 46%, 10%, 8%, respectively in obese subjects, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp was 5%, 87% and 8% in control subjects. The result of this study also shows that Escherichia coli has the highest prevalence with 57%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 27% confirmed by ERIC-PCR.

In Enterobacteriaceae family predominant bacteria Escherichia coli was found in both obese and control male groups. Second most dominant bacteria were found Klebsiella pneumoniae in obese males. In the future prospects that we will use to inoculate Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia into rat models for weight gain. And then will be treated with specific bacteriophages to reduce weight.

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