Measuring instruments for assessing soil compaction: Techniques, advancements, and applications Patel Abhishek1,*, Bector Vishal2, Pariha Dilwar Singh2, Kumar Amit3 1ICAR - Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 2Dept. of FMPE, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 4PhD Scholar, Dept. of FMPE, KCAET, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala *Corresponding author: abhishekpatel2910@gmail.com
Online published on 6 December, 2023. Abstract Soil compaction is a big problem in farming and taking care of land. It really affects how healthy the soil is, how well crops can grow, and how we take care of the environment. This review paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the causes, effects, and mitigation strategies related to soil compaction. It synthesizes the existing literature and highlights the importance of addressing this pressing challenge in modern agriculture. Spatially variable soil compaction often causes inconsistent growing conditions in many fields. Various soil compaction sensor systems have been deployed to obtain georeferenced maps of certain state and behavioral properties (e.g., soil strength, water content, air permeability) related to compaction. This publication classifies different prototype sensors, and reviews alternative measurement concepts from the viewpoint of soil mechanics. The majority of discussion is dedicated to a diversified family of soil strength sensors developed around the world. Through the follow-up analysis, a concept of sensor fusion has been emphasized as an option capable of improving future applicability of soil compaction sensor systems, while implementing site-specific control of localized compaction occurrences. It also included the effect of SPR on the soil resistance, cone angle and penetration resistance, penetration resistance and root growth. Top |