Tuberculosis: A Complication after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy (HSCT) and Bone Marrow Transplant Baharudin Rafidah Binti1, Seghayat Marjan Sadat1, Amini Farahnaz1 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur Online published on 30 April, 2019. Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common mortality cause among infectious diseases in Malaysia, and is one of the oldest known disease in the world. Generally, TB is uncommon among recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy (HSCT) and Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT); however its infection can be highly fatal if detected late. The objective of the literature review is to identify risk factors and common presentations of Tuberculosis infection (TI) among recipients of HSCT and BMT. Literature searched was done by using different keywords from MeSH in PubMed and Google Scholar. Eligible studies that published from 2005 till 2018 in English language that investigated occurrence of Tuberculosis infection (TI) among HSCT and BMT recipients, have been included. They were appraised and analyzed based on the research questions. All recipients of HSCT reported in 15 studies that developed TI had been exposed to cytotoxic drugs/immunosuppressive drugs. Apart from being immunosuppressed due to the disease and cytotoxicity of drugs, 42% of the recipients had history of exposure to TB prior to therapy; 66.6% of them are treated for Leukemia and 67% of the infections occurred in the lungs; according to the case reports findings. Whether or not TI has certain predilection by donor factor, it is noted in the According to the one of case studies, 7/12 (58%) of TI occurred in HSCT with cell source of allo-related donors. It is noted that tuberculosis in recipients of HSCT presented in the common site of infection i.e. lungs. History of TB exposure has significant contribution to the post HSCT complication of TI. The time from HSCT to diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) infection ranged from 8 days to 270 days post transplantation. Screening program for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) prior to therapy/transplant was not done in most instances. Top Keywords Tuberculosis, Stem cell, theraphy, HCST. Top |