Human rights victimization and Self-Esteem of university students: Mediating effect of hope and moderating effects of human rights awareness Lee Chang seek1,*, Ligaya Massuline Antonio D2 1Dept. of Health, Counseling and Welfare, Hanseo University, Korea, 2Institute of Liberal Arts, Hanseo University, Korea *Corresponding Author: Chang Seek Lee Professor, Department of Health, Counseling and Welfare, Hanseo University, 31962, Korea E-mail: Lee1246@hanmail.net
Online published on 16 October, 2018. Abstract This study investigated how human rights victimization affects self-esteem and examined how hope and human rights awareness mediate and moderate in that relationship between human rights victimization and self-esteem, respectively. Two hundred and twenty-three (223) university students, chosen through purposive sampling, participated in this study. Questionnaires adopted from various sources were used to measure human rights victimization and awareness, hope, and self-esteem. SPSS PC + and SPSS macro PROCESS were used for data analysis. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and moderating and mediating effect analysis were performed. Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating and moderating effect. First, hope mediates in the relationship between human rights victimization and self-esteem. Second, human rights awareness had a moderating effect in the relationship between human rights victimization and self-esteem. Third, the simple slope of relationship between human rights victimization and self-esteem was significant at the level of human rights awareness. This study will be used to improve student's self-esteem by making them more aware of their human rights. Top Keywords Human rights, Human rights victimization, Human rights awareness, Self-esteem, Hope. Top |