Biomarkers in Peri Mini Screw Implant Crevicular Fluid in Orthodontics-A Review Kumar M. Sunil1,*, Saba Iram2, Bano Nouf2, Mathew Silju3 1Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru-560054 2Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru-560054 3Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru-560054 *Corresponding Author E-mail: drlinus1978@gmail.com
Online published on 24 January, 2020. Abstract Miniscrews have become an important addition to the orthodontic armamentarium since their use in enhancing anchorage. They are now the most sought after options in orthodontic anchorage for their ease in positioning at diverse areas in the oral cavity. The reported success rate of the miniscrews ranged from 71.4% to 100%. Peri-implantitis accounts for about 30% of miniscrew failures. Peri-implantitis is a progressive peri-implant bone loss in conjunction with soft tissue inflammatory lesion. Analysis of PMCF helps provide an early and non-invasive indication of infection and the prognosis of the implants. PMICF is an inflammatory exudate, with its constitution being analogous to that of the gingival crevicular fluid, it contains host-derived enzymes, their inhibitors, inflammatory mediators, host response modifiers and tissue breakdown products. Evaluation of PMICF helps in assessing host response in peri-miniscrew disease and also serve as an early manifestation of patients at the prospect for active disease. Mediators of interest in PMICF are-Cytokines-interleukins (ILs) (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-15), Receptor antagonist IL-1RA, TNF-α, Macrophage CSFs, RANK/RANKL/OPG, chondroitin sulphate, extracellular high mobility box protein (HMGB1) for the production of interleukins-1β, 6, 17 and RANKL, Certain matrix metallo proteins like 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13 have been proved to be potential biomarkers for remodelling and also serve as an indicator for MSI stability. Conclusion-There is a need of the hour for future research of all the inflammatory mediators associated with inflammation and bone resorption at the biochemical level. Top Keywords Miniscrews, Biomarkers, Peri Miniscrew Implant Crevicular Fluid. Top |