Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract ameliorates hepato-renal oxidative injury in rat: Potential usefulness in the treatment of multiple organ diseases Ogunmoyole Temidayo1,*, Tosinmile Oluwafemi Gbemisola2, Makun Omowumi Jayeola3 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, P.M.B., 5363, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria 3Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria *Corresponding author e-mail: temidayo.ogunmoyole@eksu.edu.ng
Online Published on 30 November, 2022. Abstract Anacardium occidentale (cashew) stem bark is habitually used for the treatment of multiple diseases in traditional medicine. The present study investigates its curative potentials in rat model of liver and kidney toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This was done to provide a cheap but potent therapeutic alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Twenty five adult male albino rats were divided equally into five groups (I-V) and exposed to 3.0 ml/kg b.w. CCl4 except group I animals that received distilled water. Each of the exposed groups was administered different treatments for fourteen days. Levels of selected markers such as creatinine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as urea, uric acid and bilirubin were determined. Lipid profile in the serum and organs homogenates (liver, kidney and heart) including level of reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also assessed. Results indicated that exposure to CCl4 caused significant increase in the activities of CK, AST, ALP, ALT as well as the levels of bilirubin, urea and uric acid as compared to the control. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were significantly increased, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) was decreased following exposure to CCl4. Activities of the superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as level of reduced glutathione were diminished after exposure to CCl4. Photomicrograph of the stained tissue indicate the toxic effect of CCl4. Treatment with A. occidentale stem bark extract caused a restoration of all biochemical parameters determined as confirmed by histopathological results. These findings showed that A. occidentale exhibited positive modulatory effects on liver, kidney and heart. It can therefore be considered a therapeutically useful plant in the treatment of hepatic and renal diseases. Top Keywords Cashew stem bark, Biomarker, Hepatic, Renal, Diseases, Medicine. Top |