Investigation of antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential of ethanol and dichloromethane extracts from Salvadora persica and Chamaemelum nobile: A comparative study with LC-MS characterization Alfarrayeh Ibrahim1,*, Al-Nedawi Heba2, Qaisi Yaseen Al2, Ahmad Alsarayreh2, Qaralleh Haitham3, Laila Al-Omari4, Husein Nedaa Fawzi5 1Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, Tafila Technical University, 66110, Tafila, Jordan 2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, 61710, Al-Karak, Jordan 3Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mutah University, Al-Karak, 61710, Jordan 4Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan 5Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa College, Al-Balqa Applied University, 13110, Zarqa, Jordan *Corresponding author e-mail: alfarrayeh@ttu.edu.jo
Online published on 26 December, 2023. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of ethanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts from Salvadora persica and Chamaemelum nobile on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus fermentum, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis, as well as their respective biofilms. Additionally, the chemical constituents of the S. persica and C. nobile extracts obtained by both solvents were characterized using LC-MS. The results clearly indicate that S. persica extracts exhibit stronger antibacterial activity compared to those of C. nobile, as evidenced by the larger inhibition zones observed. Moreover, the ethanol extracts consistently outperformed the DCM extracts in inhibiting the tested bacterial strains. Among the bacterial species, L. fermentum proved to be the most susceptible to the plant extracts, with MIC values ranging from 0.26 to 1.04 mg/mL. In contrast, P. aeruginosa displayed the highest degree of resistance, with MIC values ranging from 4.16 up to 8.32 mg/mL, and an undetectable MIC value for the DCM extract of C. nobile. Moreover, the extracts of S. persica exhibited a higher potential to inhibit biofilm formation in the tested bacteria compared to the extracts of C. nobile. The phytochemical analysis of S. persica extracts revealed myristic acid as the primary component, alongside sistosterol, beta-pinene, thymol, 1,8-cineole, eugenol, quercetin, and rutin in lower concentrations. In contrast, C. nobile extracts were characterized by Apigenin and Farnesene as the main components, with additional presence of flavonoids, coumarin derivatives, amino acids, phenolic acids, and fatty acid derivatives in lower concentrations. In conclusion, both plant extracts have demonstrated significant antibacterial properties, particularly against oral health-related bacteria. These findings suggest the potential role of both plants as valuable antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents, with applications in combating bacterial infections and promoting oral health. Top Keywords Ethnobotany, LC-MS, Dental caries, Biofilm, Ethanol, Dichloromethane. Top |