Localized Toxicity in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: A Case Control Study Lal Mariachelliah Singarayan Jaish1,2, Cynthia Sathiasekar Anisha3, George Mathew Deepu4, Leema Ramachandran Krishnammal5, Padmavathy Kesavaram6,*, Gomakumar Kangasabapathy Usha7 1Research Scholar, Dept of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral and Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research (BIHER), Chennai 2Reader, Dept of Oral and maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli District 3Principal, Head, Dept of Oral and maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli District 4Professor, Dept of Oral and maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli District 5CRRI, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli District 6Professor, Dept of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral and Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research (BIHER), Chennai 7Senior Lecturer, Dept of Oral and maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding Author: Kesavaram Padmavathy, Professor, Dept of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral and Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research (BIHER), Chennai, India Ph No: +91 9884164212, email id: padmabakianath@gmail.com
Online published on 31 March, 2020. Abstract Fixed orthodontic appliances made of metal alloys are routinely used in dental practise to correct malocclusion. Oral environment favours the biodegradation of metal alloys. The discharged metal ions accumulate cumulatively on the adjacent tissues and results in toxic effects on cellular metabolism and DNA stability. The study was designed to evaluate localized genetic and cytokinetic toxicity due to fixed orthodontic appliance by measuring micronuclei frequency and other nuclear abnormalities in the buccal mucosal cells. Subjects with orthodontic appliance were selected as exposure cohort (n=20) and subjects without orthodontic appliance were selected as comparative cohort (n=20). Buccal smears were collected and DNA specific feulgen stain was used. Micronuclei, nuclear bud and binucleate cells frequency were recorded and compared between the study groups. We found a significant increase in the frequency of cells with micronuclei (p<0.001) and binucleate cells(p=0.002) in the exposure cohort compared to controls. The increase in the indicators of genotoxicity and cytokinetic toxicity in the exposed cohort compared to controls could be attributed to the exposure to the metal ions released from long term orthodontic appliance treatment. Increase in binucleate cells in subjects with fixed orthodontic appliance was demonstrated for the first time in our study. The cellular changes due to toxicity could be the predisposing factor for the occurrence of immune mediated oral mucosal lesions in orthodontic patients. Top Keywords Micronuclei, nuclear bud, binucleate cells, metal ions, fixed orthodontic appliances. Top |