Epidemiology and pathology of bluetongue virus in India: A systematic review Singh K.P.1*, Saminathan M.1*, Dinesh M.1, Khorajiya J.H.1, Umeshappa C.S.2, Sahoo Diptimayee1, Sahoo Diptimayee1, Faslu Rahman A.T.1, Singh Rohit1, Tripathi B.N.3 1Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Postdoctoral fellow, Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada 3Deputy Director General, Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan-110001, New Delhi, India *These authors contributed equally to this work
Address for Correspondence Dr KP Singh and Dr M Saminathan, CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India, E-mail: karamcadrad62@gmail.com; drswamyvet@gmail.com
Abstract Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne, infectious and non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) belongs to the genus Orbivirus under family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by haematophagus route through biting midges Culicoides. Currently, BT is a notifiable disease to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) due to great economic losses associated with high morbidity and enormous potential to spread across the international borders. BTV causes clinical disease in sheep and subclinical disease in cattle and goats. There are 28 serotypes of BTV, out of which 23 have been reported from India either by virus isolation or detection of serotype-specific antibodies. BT is endemic in India and several outbreaks of BT with various serotypes have been reported in almost all the states of India. The various assays such as competitive ELISA, virus isolation, PCR, agar gel immunodiffusion assay, direct and sandwich ELISA, serum neutralization assay, and immunohistochemistry are widely used for the diagnosis of BTV. BT control program in India includes vector control, effective vaccination along with serological and entomological surveillance. Currently, pentavalent inactivated vaccine containing BTV serotypes 1, 2, 10, 16 and 23 is used in India to control BT. This review summarises the epidemiology of BTV in India and works carried out in CADRAD, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. Top Keywords Bluetongue virus, Diagnosis, Epidemiology, India, Outbreak, Pathology, Serotypes, Seroprevalence. Top |