A review on application of conventional electron microscopy in disease diagnosis and research Lakshman M.* Department of Veterinary Pathology; College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30T.S.India. *Address for Correspondence, Dr M. Lakshman, Department of Veterinary Pathology; College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30T.S.India, Email: mekala_bry@yahoo.com
Online Published on 28 July, 2022. Abstract Nobel Laureate Dr. Alan Finkel recently said, “Without microscopy, there is no modern science”. Electron microscopy (EM) is pivotal to identify the causative agents of infectious diseases. In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrons are transmitted through a plastic-embedded ultrathin sections of the specimen, and forms 2D image on fluorescent screen. TEM enable the resolution and visualization of detail not apparent via light microscopy (LM), even when combined with immunohistochemical analysis. Ultrastructural examination of tissues, cells, and microorganisms plays a critical role in diagnostic pathology and biological research. TEM is used to study the morphology of cells and their organelles, pathological changes in the cells and organelles identification and characterization of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, morphology of different nano-particleslocalization of pathological agents and therapeutic nano-particles in the cells and cell organelles. In the scanning electron microscope (SEM) the primary or incidental electrons will scan the surface area of the processed specimens and convert into secondary electrons to generate 3D images on cathode ray tube (CRT). The SEM useful to reveal patho-morphological features of tissues, cells, isolated organisms, multiple pathogen interactions in the biological specimens of experimental and diagnostic studies. In the field of electron microscopy the artifacts are very common which lead to misinterpretation of micrographs. Unfortunately, these artifacts in electron microscopy and methods of their minimizing have been described only rarely in the scientific literature.To achieve the expected results multi-stepped protocol specimen preparation is essential with minimal interference of artifacts. Which includes slicing and cleaning, primary fixation, washing, secondary fixation, dehydration, infiltration with a transitional solvent & resin and embedding, polymerization, sectioning and staining for TEM and sputtering for SEM. Top Keywords CPD, EM, LC, LM, Negative staining, SEM, TEM, UA. Top |