Cross-talk between clinico-histopathological traits of malignant canine mammary tumors and their prognostic relevance Gautam Siddharth1,*, Chauhan Indrasen1, Joshi Chitra2, Gupta Kuldip3, Sood Naresh Kumar3 1Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, ICAR-IVRI, Mukteshwar-263138, Nainital, Uttarakhand 2Department of Animal Husbandry, Almora-263601, Uttarakhand 3Department of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU-141004, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. *Address for Correspondence, Dr Siddharth Gautam, Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar Campus-263138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India, E-mail: gautam.ivri.m@gmail.com
Online Published on 28 July, 2022. Abstract Malignant canine mammary tumors (mCMT) are one of the leading non-infectious causes of death in canines. The present study aimed primarily at delineating the association between various clinico-histopathological attributes of 30 spontaneous malignant canine mammary tumors (mCMT) along with their prognostic relevance. Thorough clinical and histopathological assessment of mCMT was followed by correlation, univariable (cox regression), multivariable (elastic net), and survival analysis. A great many mCMT showed hard consistency (63%), > 5 cm phenotype (70%), pulmonary metastases (70%), and involvement of multiple glands (40%). Carcinosarcoma was the most common histopathological subtype (40%), followed by complex carcinoma (33%). Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; 19/30), neovascularization (29/30), lymphangiogenesis (29/30), haemorrhages (19/30), intravascular embolism (5/30), lymphatic embolism (6/30), necrosis (22/30), inflammation (21/30), and microscopic cysts (7/30) were vital intratumoral lesions. Larger tumors were prone for pulmonary metastasis (p = 0.05) and showed hard consistency (p = 0.03). Cases with multiple glands showed a higher rate of intratumoral angiogenesis (p = 0.01), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.03) and pulmonary metastasis (p = 0.02). Also, TIL was significantly associated with lymphatic embolism (p = 0.02), and inflammation with vascular (p = 0.01) and lymphatic embolism (p = 0.04). A significant association between intratumoral vascular changes, viz:-angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, haemorrhages, and lymphovascular invasion, was noticed. A follow-up of 510 days revealed the median overall survival of 144 ± 75 days, which differed significantly by angiogenesis, TIL, vascular invasion, histopathological type, grade and cutaneous ulcers, suggesting these factors as independent prognosticators of mCMT. Top Keywords Canine mammary tumor, Lymphangiogenesis, Lymphovascular invasion, Metastases, Survival analysis, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Top |