Prophylactic efficacy of Bi-Herbal extracts of Aegle marmelos and Annona squamosa on adenine induced chronic kidney disease in rats Patel D.R.1, Sadariya K.A.2,*, Patel V.M.1, Patel R.D.1, Sarvaiya V.N.2, Solanki T.H.3, Bhavsar S.K.4 1M.V.Sc. Scholar, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, C.V.Sc. and A. H., KU, Anand-388001, Gujarat 2Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, C.V.Sc. and A. H., KU, Anand-388001, Gujarat 3Teaching Associate, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, C.V.Sc. and A. H., KU, Anand-388001, Gujarat 4Professor & Head, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, C.V.Sc. and A. H., KU, Anand-388001, Gujarat *Corresponding author: dr_kasadariya@yahoo.co.in
Online published on 28 November, 2023. Abstract The present study was carried out to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of bi-herbal aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Aegle marmelos (AM) and Annona squamosa (AS) on adenine induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of AM and AS were mixed in a 0.5:1 and 1:0.5 ratio respectively, after determined by in-vitro nucleation assay. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups; each group comprises six rats. Control group I was untreated group do not receive adenine or plant extracts. Group II was administered by adenine @ 200 mg/kg once day orally for 28 days and was considered as adenine control group. Chronic kidney disease was induced in the groups II, III, IV, V and VI by daily 200 mg/kg b.wt. dose of adenine through the intra-gastric route for 28 days to produce rat model of adenine-induced CKD. Groups III and IV received bi-herbal aqueous extracts of AM and AS (ratio 0.5:1) orally @ 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt., respectively daily once for 28 days. Groups V and VI received bi-herbal alcoholic extracts of AM and AS (ratio 1:0.5)orally @ 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt., respectively daily once for 28 days. Various parameters were studied like feed consumption, body weight, haemato-biochemical estimation, urine assessment, ultrasonographic examination and histopathological findings in rats. The adenine control group showed a significant decrease in mean haemoglobin, TEC, lymphocyte, serum uromodulin, total protein, albumin, calcium as well as urine pH, urine creatinine and urine phosphorus values along with a significant increase in TLC, granulocyte, serum creatinine, BUN, ALT, uric acid, phosphorus, urine total protein and urine calcium as compared to normal control rats. These findings showed significant changes in the haemato-biochemical parameters, urine parameters in response to adenine treatment. The administration of aqueous and alcoholic bi-herbal extracts of Aegle marmelos and Annona squamosa leaves for 28 days along with adenine in prophylactic groups revealed significant improvement on haemato-biochemical and urine parameters. Results of ultrasonographic and histopathological examination of kidney tissues in prophylactic groups was well supported and prevent alterations in kidney associated changes in adenine-induced CKD in rats. Result of the present study showed that aqueous as well as alcoholic biherbal extracts of Aegle marmelos and Annona squamosa leaves at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively revealed prophylactic efficacy against adenine induced CKD in rats. Furthermore, bi-herbal alcoholic extracts were more effective as compared to bi-herbal aqueous extracts. Top Keywords Aegle marmelos, Annona squamosa, Bi-herbal extracts, Prophylactic efficacy, CKD rats. Top |